These controversies concerning the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs can be due to ways in which OCBs are measured. Inside the literature, OCBs have frequently been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are unable to establish the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4