Abstract This paper informs users of data collected in international large-scale assessments (ILSA). by presenting argumentsunderlining the importance of considering two design features employed in these studies. We examine a commonmisconception stating that the uncertainty arising from the assessment design is negligible compared with that arisingfrom the sampling design. This miscon... https://www.roneverhart.com/Tiamat-s-Rebuke-East-Non-Ladder/